초급 · Beginner

1강. 이름 붙이기: 관형형의 발견

열쇠 하나였다 — -(으)ㄴ / -는 / -(으)ㄹ · 7분

Remember 비가 온 것 같아요 / 오는 것 같아요 / 올 것 같아요 back in Stage 5?

We promised that the secret behind those three different verb shapes would be revealed here in Stage 6. Here is the secret you have been waiting for!

In English, when you want an action to describe a noun, you put words behind it: *“the book [that I bought]”* or *“the music [that I listen to]”*.

In Korean, verbs do something much more direct and elegant: they transform their ending and sit directly in front of the noun, acting like a descriptive modifier!

This form is called the Noun-Modifying Form (in Korean grammar: 관형형 / Gwanhyeong-hyeong).

Why is this called the Master Key?

Because once a verb or adjective puts on this modifying shape, it can describe any noun that follows it—and as you will discover in the very next lesson, this single key is the hidden foundation underneath almost every major pattern you’ve learned so far!
과거 (Past)-(으)ㄴ · (went / that went) · 먹은 (ate / that ate) · 어제 카페 (cafe I went to)
현재 (Present)-는 · 가는 (goes / that goes) · 먹는 (eats / that eats) · 자주 가는 카페 (cafe I often go to)
미래/추측 (Future)-(으)ㄹ · (will go / to go) · 먹을 (will eat / to eat) · 내일 카페 (cafe I will go to)

What about Adjectives (형용사)?

Adjectives already describe an existing state or quality, so their present state naturally takes -(으)ㄴ (exactly as you already know from everyday phrases!):

- 좋다 (good) → 좋은 날씨 (good weather)
- 작다 (small) → 작은 가방 (a small bag)
- 예쁘다 (pretty) → 예쁜 옷 (pretty clothes)
- 바쁘다 (busy) → 바쁜 사람 (a busy person)
- 맵다 (spicy, ㅂ irreg) → 매운 음식 (spicy food)

어제 먹은 음식The food I ate yesterday (Past: 먹다 + -은)
지금 듣는 노래The song I am listening to right now (Present: 듣다 + -는)
내일 만날 친구The friend I will meet tomorrow (Future: 만나다 + -ㄹ)

연습 · Practice

이 레슨에는 풀어 보는 문제가 8개 있습니다. 앱에서 하나씩 맞히며 넘어갑니다.
8 exercises come with this lesson — open it to work through them.

이 레슨 열기Open this lesson in the app
다음 레슨 →2강. 이게 다 같은 조각이었다: 8개 문법의 정체
치즈감자 · 문법 표현 전체 · 블로그 · 개인정보
한국어를 배우는 사람을 위한 단어장과 연습 · Learn Korean with CheesePotato
낱말 뜻풀이 출처: 국립국어원 한국어기초사전 · CC BY-SA 2.0 KR