← Blog

How to Learn Korean: the order that actually works

Most people who quit Korean do not quit because they ran out of material. There is more free Korean material online than anyone could work through in a decade. They quit because nobody told them what order to do it in, so every session starts with a decision instead of with studying.

This is the order. It is the same order our own lessons are built in, and each step below links straight to the part of this site that covers it. Everything is free and works in the browser with no sign-up.

Step 1 — Read Hangul (one morning)

Do not skip this and do not use romanization as a crutch. Romanization cannot represent Korean sounds accurately, and every week you spend reading 「annyeonghaseyo」 instead of 「안녕하세요」 is a week you will have to undo later.

Hangul is genuinely fast because it was designed to be. It was created in the 1440s with the stated goal of being learnable quickly, and the shapes still show it: five basic consonants drawn after the shape of the mouth and tongue, extra strokes for stronger sounds, doubled letters for tense sounds. You are learning a handful of shapes and two or three rules, not forty separate symbols.

Read Korean — the alphabet in ten lessonsStarts from why the letters look the way they do and ends with you reading real signs and menusOpen it →

Step 2 — Your first hundred words, out loud

Learn greetings, ordering food, asking where something is, numbers, and the words for the things in front of you. Not because it is easy, but because these are the words you can use the same day, and using a word once is worth more than reading it five times.

Say them out loud. Korean has sounds English does not distinguish — the three-way split between ㄱ, ㅋ and ㄲ is the classic one — and you cannot hear a difference you have never tried to produce.

First Words — greetings, ordering, directionsThe phrases you use on day one, with audio for every lineOpen it →

Step 3 — Build the sentence skeleton

This is where Korean stops feeling like a phrasebook. Korean sentences put the verb at the end and mark each word's job with a particle, so word order is far freer than in English. Once you can build a sentence yourself, every new word multiplies instead of just adding.

Four things carry most of the weight at this stage.

Getting ReadyN이다Used to say what something is. Ends in 「이에요」 if the noun has a final consonant, and 「예요」 if it does not.Start here. Saying what something is is the shortest complete sentence you can makeWrite your own sentence with this →Form, examples and what to watch out for
TensesA/V-아/어요The most common everyday polite style. It sounds polite and soft, making it suitable for almost any daily situation.The polite ending you will use in almost every sentence for the next yearWrite your own sentence with this →Form, examples and what to watch out for
ParticlesN이/가Subject marker pointing out who or what performs the action. Often introduces new information.The subject marker — worth practising before the topic marker below, because the contrast is what makes both clickWrite your own sentence with this →Form, examples and what to watch out for
ParticlesN은/는Topic marker used to introduce what you are talking about or to draw a contrast with something else.The topic marker. This pair confuses people for years; writing your own sentences is the fastest way throughWrite your own sentence with this →Form, examples and what to watch out for
Building Sentences — tense, negation, particlesThe skeleton course. Tense, negation and the particles above, in the order they build on each otherOpen it →

Step 4 — Politeness, which most textbooks under-teach

Textbooks teach 해요체 and stop. In practice you have to choose a speech level for every person you talk to, and getting it wrong is more noticeable than a grammar mistake.

The safe answer while you are learning: use 해요체 with everyone. It is neither stiff nor rude. But learn early that how you speak to someone and who you are speaking about are two separate dials — 「할머니께서 집에 가세요」 adds -(으)시- because the grandmother is the subject, not because of who is listening.

Demands, Obligations, Permission and ProhibitionV-(으)세요Asks or tells someone to do something, politely. It also raises the listener.The polite request form. You will hear this everywhere before you ever need to produce itWrite your own sentence with this →Form, examples and what to watch out for

Step 5 — Join sentences together

Beginners produce a string of short sentences. Intermediate speakers connect them. This is the step that makes you sound less like a textbook, and it is mostly a matter of collecting connectors and knowing which one fits.

Reasons and CausesA/V-아/어서 (이유)States that something happened because of this reason. It is the most basic way to express cause.The basic 「because」. Learn what can and cannot follow it — that restriction is the whole trickWrite your own sentence with this →Form, examples and what to watch out for
Changes in Parts of Speech관형형 -(으)ㄴ/-는/-(으)ㄹ NChanges verbs and adjectives into forms that attach in front of nouns to modify them.Modifiers. This is how 「the book I read yesterday」 becomes one Korean phrase, and it unlocks long sentencesWrite your own sentence with this →Form, examples and what to watch out for
Confusable expressions, compared side by side73 sets of expressions that translate the same into English but are not interchangeableOpen it →

Step 6 — TOPIK, if you need a number

If you need Korean for a university, a visa or a job, you will eventually need a TOPIK level. Worth knowing before you register: you do not choose a level. You choose a test — TOPIK I or TOPIK II — and the score you get decides your level.

Level 4 is the most commonly requested, so it is a sensible default target. Cut-off scores and requirements change, so check the official site rather than any number you read in a blog post, including this one.

TOPIK reading practiceSorted by question type, with the passage, the four options and the reasoning on the same pageOpen it →

How long does this take

For a native English speaker, Korean is in the hardest group the US Foreign Service Institute classifies — roughly 2,200 class hours to reach professional working proficiency. That figure is for full-time intensive study with an instructor, so treat it as a shape rather than a schedule: this is a multi-year project, not a summer one.

More useful as a guide: reading Hangul takes a morning. Getting to the point where you can order food, ask directions and explain yourself badly but successfully takes a few months of steady work. Getting to TOPIK level 4 takes most people a year or two. Anyone promising much faster is selling something.

What actually goes wrong

  • Collecting instead of studying. Six apps, four textbooks, a Netflix list, and forty minutes a day spent choosing between them. Pick one path and follow it until it stops working.
  • Reading grammar without producing it. You can understand an explanation of -는 바람에 completely and still never use it. Recognising and producing are different skills and only one of them is practised by reading.
  • Skipping listening until later. Korean flattens and blends sounds heavily in speech. If you only ever read, your first real conversation will be a shock.
  • Studying hard for two weeks, then nothing. Twenty minutes daily beats four hours on Sunday, and it is not close.

A free path through this site

Read Korean → First Words → Building Sentences → the 290 grammar points, writing your own sentence for each → TOPIK practice if you need a score. Words you do not know are clickable while you study, and go into a wordbook that asks you again before you forget them.

There is no install and no sign-up. Signing in only matters if you want your progress to follow you to another device.

All 290 grammar pointsEach one has its meaning, form, what to watch out for, examples and a dialogue — and a box to write your own sentenceOpen it →
Start learning KoreanFree lessons and practice — no sign-up needed
← Previous이유를 말하는 법, 중급 편 — 거든요, 느라고, 바람에, 탓에Next →은/는 vs 이/가: one question instead of ten rules

Comments

치즈감자 · 문법 표현 전체 · 블로그 · 개인정보
한국어를 배우는 사람을 위한 단어장과 연습 · Learn Korean with CheesePotato
낱말 뜻풀이 출처: 국립국어원 한국어기초사전 · CC BY-SA 2.0 KR