Verbs/adjectives with no batchimstem + -세요 (가다→가세요, 오다→오세요, 바쁘다→바쁘세요)
Verbs/adjectives with a batchimstem + -으세요 (앉다→앉으세요, 읽다→읽으세요)
Stems ending in ㄹㄹ drops, then + -세요 (살다→사세요, 만들다→만드세요)
Verbs that change completely먹다·마시다→드시다, 자다→주무시다, 있다(사람)→계시다, 말하다→말씀하시다, 아프다→편찮으시다
Nouns that change completely이름→성함, 나이→연세, 집→댁, 생일→생신, 밥→진지
Particles이/가→께서, 에게/한테→께
What this expression does
When the subject of the sentence is someone senior to you (grandmother, teacher, boss, a customer), you add -(으)시- to the verb or adjective to honor that person.
저는 집에 가요. (about me — unchanged)
할머니께서 집에 가세요. (about Grandma — honored)
How to build it — check the stem’s batchim
가다 → 가 … no batchim → attach -세요 → 가세요
앉다 → 앉 … has a batchim (ㄴ) → attach -으세요 → 앉으세요
That one check decides everything else. The top two rows of the table above are exactly this rule.
가다 — to gonone · 가세요
오다 — to comenone · 오세요
바쁘다 — to be busynone · 바쁘세요
앉다 — to sityes (ㄴ) · 앉으세요
읽다 — to readyes (ㄱ) · 읽으세요
살다 — to liveㄹ (drops) · 사세요
할머니께서 지금 집에 가세요.Grandma is going home now. — the honorific form of 저는 집에 가요
사장님이 다음 주에 미국에서 오세요.The boss is coming from the US next week.
선생님께서 공원 벤치에 앉으세요.The teacher is sitting on the park bench.
할아버지께서 요즘 많이 바쁘세요.Grandpa has been very busy lately.
Honoring yourself sounds odd. -(으)시- is only used when the subject of the sentence is someone senior to you.
저는 지금 가세요. (✕ — this honors “me”)
저는 지금 가요. (○)
It’s also not usually used for friends or people your age or younger.
연습 · Practice
이 레슨에는 풀어 보는 문제가 6개 있습니다. 앱에서 하나씩 맞히며 넘어갑니다. 6 exercises come with this lesson — open it to work through them.