초급 · Beginner

2강. -음/ㅁ: 완료된 사실·상태를 명사로

명사로 만들기 -기 · -음/ㅁ · 7분

In Lesson 1, you learned -기 for dynamic, ongoing activities (*“reading, cooking, hiking”*).

Now meet the second nominalizer: -(으)ㅁ / -ㅁ!

While -기 describes a live action in motion, -(으)ㅁ captures a completed fact, an established status, or a static concept:

- Where you see -(으)ㅁ in daily Korean life:
- Official forms, surveys, and checklists: *“참석함 / 불참함”* *(Attending / Absent)*
- Status options: *“있음 / 없음”* *(Present / None)*
- End of memos: *“회의 끝남”* *(Meeting ended)*

Batchim Rules & Standalone Dictionary Words!

- No Batchim (Vowel ending) → -ㅁ
- 자다 (to sleep) → 잠 *(sleep)*
- 꾸다 (to dream) → 꿈 *(dream)*
- 크다 (to be big) → 큼 *(largeness / big)*

- With Batchim (Consonant ending) → -음
- 믿다 (to believe) → 믿음 *(faith / belief)*
- 죽다 (to die) → 죽음 *(death)*
- 있다 (to exist) → 있음 *(presence)*
- 없다 (to not exist) → 없음 *(none)*
- 돕다 (to help, ㅂ irregular) → 도움 *(help)*
- 기쁘다 (to be glad) → 기쁨 *(joy)*
- 슬프다 (to be sad) → 슬픔 *(sorrow)*

Notice how many words like 잠, 꿈, 믿음, 기쁨, 슬픔, 도움 became standalone everyday nouns!

믿다 (to believe)믿기 (the act of believing) · 믿음 · faith, belief, trust

자다 (to sleep)자기 (going to sleep) · 잠 · sleep (noun)

돕다 (to help)돕기 (helping someone) · 도움 · help, assistance

슬프다 (to be sad)슬프기 (being sad) · 슬픔 · sorrow, sadness

있다 (to exist)있기 (staying there) · 있음 · present, available (on forms)

없다 (to lack)없기 (not having) · 없음 · none, absent (on forms)

도움이 필요해요.I need help. (도움 ← 돕다)

설문지: 있음 / 없음Survey: Present / None (있음 / 없음)

따뜻한 믿음을 가져요.Have warm faith and trust. (믿음 ← 믿다)

연습 · Practice

이 레슨에는 풀어 보는 문제가 9개 있습니다. 앱에서 하나씩 맞히며 넘어갑니다.
9 exercises come with this lesson — open it to work through them.

이 레슨 열기Open this lesson in the app

← 앞 레슨1강. -기: 일반적인 행위·활동을 명사로

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