초급 · Beginner
3강. 종합: -(으)시- · 께서 · 께 한 번에 쓰기
높임 -(으)시- · 께 · 께서 · 8분
Now that you know the three pillars of honorific grammar:
1. -(으)시-: Verb infix that honors the subject performing the action.
2. 께서: Upgraded subject particle (*이/가*).
3. 께: Upgraded recipient particle (*에게/한테*).
Let’s put all three together in real-world scenarios: at home with family, at school with professors, and at work!
Family어머니께서 할머니께 전화를 하세요. · 어머니께서 (Subject) + 할머니께 (Recipient) + 하세요 (Verb) · Mother is calling grandmother.
School학생들이 교수님께 질문을 드려요. · 교수님께 (Recipient) + 드려요 (Humble action) · Students ask questions to the professor.
Workplace부장님께서 팀원들에게 설명하세요. · 부장님께서 (Subject) + 팀원들에게 + 설명하세요 (Verb) · The manager explains to the team members.
Hospitality손님께서 직원에게 메뉴를 물어보세요. · 손님께서 (Customer) + 물어보세요 (Verb) · The guest asks the staff for the menu.
Notice Who Gives and Who Receives!
When Mother (respected) calls Grandmother (even more respected):
*“어머니께서 할머니께 전화를 하세요.”*
- Mother is the subject doing the call → 어머니께서
- Grandmother is the recipient receiving the call → 할머니께
- The verb honors mother’s action → 하세요
Everything snaps together with crystalline clarity!
어머니께서 할머니께 전화를 하세요.Mother is calling grandmother. (께서 + 께 + -세요)
선생님께서 학생들에게 책을 읽어 주세요.The teacher reads a book for the students. (께서 + -세요)
부장님께서 저희에게 말씀하십니다.The department head speaks to us. (Formal workplace)
연습 · Practice
이 레슨에는 풀어 보는 문제가 11개 있습니다. 앱에서 하나씩 맞히며 넘어갑니다.
11 exercises come with this lesson — open it to work through them.
이 레슨 열기Open this lesson in the app