The most common Korean word for “cold” is 춥다 (chupda). There are 2 more words with a similar meaning — compare them below. 「cold」는 한국어로 춥다.
to be cold (weather)
TOPIK 1 · adjective
a cold (illness)
TOPIK 1 · noun
to be cold; to be icy
TOPIK 2 · adjective
Words and levels: TOPIK I essentials (National Institute of Korean Language standard curriculum, KOGL Type 1) · examples: Cheesepotato